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class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0629<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u062b\u0651\u0644\u062a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644&#8221; \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u0630\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0648\u0632 \u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0644\u062a\u064f\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0643\u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 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\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0631<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a \u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0634\u0648\u060c \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2012.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641 \u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a 2013\u20132023.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0648&#8221;\u060c \u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 &#8220;\u0644\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u062f&#8221;\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 2023<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064b\u0627 : \u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0643\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0645\u064a\u0629 :<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f &#8220;&#8221;<strong>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629<\/strong><strong>\u0641\u064a<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/strong>&#8220;\u060c (\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c 1990\u0645).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Lewis, I. M. A Modern History of the Somali: <strong><em>Nation and State in the Horn of Africa<\/em><\/strong>. )Ohio University Press, 2002(.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hoehne, Markus V. <strong><em>Between Somaliland and Puntland: Marginalization, Militarization and Conflicting Political Vision<\/em><\/strong>. (Rift Valley Institute, 2015).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Menkhaus, Ken. <strong><em>State Failure, State-Building, and Prospects for a \u201cFunctional Failed State\u201d in Somalia<\/em><\/strong>. (The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 2004).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><br>\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 &#8221; \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0648&#8221;.. \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0642\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c 2025\u0645.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Abdi, Rashid. <em>The Future of Federalism in Somalia: Between Promise and Peril<\/em>, (International Crisis Group, Briefing Paper, 2021).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>10.Ibrahim, Farah. <em>Federalism in Somalia: Opportunities and Challenges<\/em>, (Horn Policy Bulletin, 2022).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>11.Mohamed, Asha. <em>Khatumo State: A Path to Somali Unity or Another Regional Crisis?<\/em> (Somali Public Agenda, July 2023).<br><br>\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u064b\u0627: \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>10. United Nations Monitoring Group on Somalia and Eritrea. <em>Report on Somalia<\/em>, 2021, 2022.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>11. International Crisis Group<em>. Somalia and the Perils of Electoral Politics<\/em>, (Africa Briefing No. 180, March 2022).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>12. African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM). Annual Security Assessment, 2023.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\u064b\u0627: \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0625\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u0629:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>13. BBC Somali \u2013 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0631\u0634\u064a\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0627\u0646\u0648\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0648\u060c 2022\u20132024.<br>14. Al Jazeera English &amp; Somali \u2013 \u062a\u063a\u0637\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0646\u0627\u063a.<br>15. Hiiraan Online \u2013 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0623\u064a \u0648\u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0627\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 (2021\u20132023).<br>16. Garowe Online \u2013 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0648\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0648\u060c \u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0638\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631\u0629.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"422\" height=\"298\" src=\"https:\/\/hipadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5251\" srcset=\"https:\/\/hipadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-1.png 422w, https:\/\/hipadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-1-300x212.png 300w, https:\/\/hipadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/image-1-420x298.png 420w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 422px) 100vw, 422px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0632\u060c \u0643\u0645 5\u060c \u0645\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0634\u0648 \u2013 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">+252858182 \/ +252614717775 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0631\u0648\u0646\u064a:&nbsp; info@hipadinstitute.org<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062a\u062d\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \ud83d\udc47<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/hipadinstitute.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629-\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644-\u0634\u0631\u0642-\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644.pdf\">Download<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u064f\u062c\u0633\u0651\u062f \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644 &#8220;\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0648&#8221; \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u062a\u0637\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644\u064b\u0627. \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 &#8220;\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0648&#8221; \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0644&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0633\u0646\u0627\u063a&#8221; \u0648&#8221;\u0639\u064a\u0646&#8221; (SSC)\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0631\u0645\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u062c\u0630\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0627\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629. \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a &#8220;\u0633\u0648\u0644&#8221; \u0645\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\/ \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0645 1899\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u062a\u0645\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":5205,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[260,7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-5195","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-260","category-publications"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hipadinstitute.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5195","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hipadinstitute.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hipadinstitute.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hipadinstitute.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hipadinstitute.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5195"}],"version-history":[{"count":12,"href":"https:\/\/hipadinstitute.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5195\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5264,"href":"https:\/\/hipadinstitute.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5195\/revisions\/5264"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hipadinstitute.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hipadinstitute.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hipadinstitute.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5195"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hipadinstitute.org\/ar\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}